What Representativeness Heuristic Is Inappropriately...

I remember and incident that the representativeness heuristic was inappropriately applied in judging me. I was playing pickup basketball while visiting family away from my home state of Kentucky at the time, and I was wearing a University of Kentucky tee-shirt. As I walked up a team was forming and one of the players looked at me and said, â€Å"I’ll take the guy from Kentucky†, presumably basing his decision on the popularity of the sport in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. As play progressed, my lack of excellence in the game demonstrated clearly that fandom and stardom work quite independently of one another. I have made inappropriate judgments based on availability heuristic many times over the years. I can recall one case in particular from my childhood during the early days of AIDS coming into public view. Around the age of 10, I remember watching a particularly disturbing news report on AIDS, and although the details of the report are lost to me now, at the time they were fighting. I had a very limited understanding of the disease and how it was contracted, and coincidentally I woke up the next morning not feeling well, convinced that I somehow had been infected with the dreaded disease. Given the discussion on adolescence in our text, the standards for adult activities do somewhat coincide with what we know about human development (Cacioppo Fregberg, 2013 ). Limiting access to many activities based on age is advisable considering the cognitive development of adolescents

The Effects Of Anxiety Disorders And Situational Anxiety...

Abstract: This research paper summarizes the results of three academic articles exploring the effects of anxiety disorders, and situational anxiety on short term working memory. These three articles all used different methods in attempt to connect anxiety with working memory performance. To summarize, these studies attempt to answer the question of whether or not an attentional bias toward threatening (anxiety triggering) exposure or conditions, causes a greater susceptibility to distraction and reduced STM capacity cognitively. They also explore generalized anxiety patients to see if there is a connection between the condition of anxiety as appose to the response of anxiety. The results of these pieces of research together were mixed or inconclusive to whether anxiety negatively effects the short term working memory. This analyses will be about three research articles and summarizing the studies. These three articles lead toward the conclusion that short term working memory is nega tively effected by situational anxiety and also anxiety disorders. Keywords: Anxiety, Short Term Memory, Working Memory Introduction: The effects of anxiety on short term working memory is a large issue discussed by cognitive psychologists today. Anxiety effects many adults of all ages and is a constant struggle for people who suffer from it. Many different research studies have confirmed anxiety is some what associated with performance deficits in all sorts of cognitive tasks including,Show MoreRelatedPsych 101 Final Exam Essay2506 Words   |  11 PagesPart 1 of 1 - 100.0/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 50 2.0/ 2.0 Points Recovering a memory is like a _____________. A. Replaying a videotape of an event and filling in the missing sensory experiences, such as smell B. Reading a short story in which the plot is detailed but mental images must be generated C. Hearing the soundtrack of a story without access to the visual, and other sensory images Correct D. Watching unconnected frames of a movie and figuring out what theRead MoreAnxiety Disorder And A Happy Life4915 Words   |  20 Pagesfor downloading the book, â€Å" Anxiety disorder--how to deal with anxiety disorder and be happy in life!†. This book contains proven steps and strategies on how to deal with your anxiety disorder and form a happy life. This book contains the chapters- what do you mean by anxiety disorder?, how you can deal with anxiety disorder, what are the details of panic disorder?, what are the details of generalized anxiety disorder?, what are the details of social anxiety disorder?, and what are the details ofRead MoreEssay about Attention Deficit Disorder3040 Words   |  13 PagesAttention Deficit Disorder Five year old Danny is in kindergarten. It is playtime and he hops from chair to chair, swinging his arms and legs restlessly, and then begins to fiddle with the light switches, turning the lights on and off again to everyones annoyance--all the while talking nonstop. When his teacher encourages him to join a group of other children busy in the playroom, Danny interrupts a game that was already in progress and takes over, causing the other children to complain of hisRead MoreAnimals And Humans Have A Biological Stress Response1827 Words   |  8 Pagesnot need to be saved but regardless our bodies are inundated with chemicals that would help us to just that. The hormones released by the body during this response, glucocorticoids and adrenalin, are very powerful and chronic exposure can have long term consequences (Sapolsky, 2009). These chemicals are tolerable and even beneficial in infrequent doses in cases where we need to survive. However, chronic exposure can hurt us. It can have significant impact on the body but this paper will focus onRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesA. Clark. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-57230-963-6 ISBN-13: 978-1-57230-963-0 (hardcover: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-59385-375-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-59385-375-4 (paperback) 1. Cognitive therapy. 2. Obsessive–compulsive disorder. I. Title. RC489.C63C57 2004 616.85†²2270651—dc22 2003020283 To my parents, Albert and Ardith, for their support and encouragement About the Author About the Author David A. Clark, PhD, is a professor in the Department of PsychologyRead MoreHypnosis3459 Words   |  14 Pagesbe a useful way of thinking about the effects of hypnosis THEORIES OF HYPNOSIS There are three major theories of hypnosis used for research – the Social Cognitive perspective, Neo disassociation theory and the Interactive-Phenomenological theories. Apart from this, paraprofessionals have used hypnosis for ages, thus their perspective on the issue counts as well. The Social Cognitive theory, out of all the theories of hypnosis, looks at hypnosis in terms of a response or reaction in a socialRead MoreThe Pregnancy Anxiety And Tips For Coping With Childbirth Anxiety9776 Words   |  40 PagesAre you having childbirth anxiety especially as the date of the birth draws near? Are you unsure on how to cope with childbirth anxiety? To help understand the cause of childbirth anxiety and tips for coping with childbirth anxiety, I have interviewed psychologist Carol Hicks. Tell me a little bit about yourself. I have a MA degree in Psychology and I have been a Marriage and Family Therapist for 30 years with a specialty in hypnotherapy influenced by Milton Erickson. My ex husband and I wroteRead MoreWhat is Domestic Violence? Essays1749 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence Domestic violence is a pattern of physical and mental abuse and controlling behavior in a relationship and can happen to anyone, regardless of age, race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender; this type of abuse can have both short and long term affects and can cause physical, mental, and emotional pain. While abuse can happen to anyone, women are by far the most frequent victims and men are the most frequent abusers. The U.S. department of justice estimates that 95 percent of the assaultsRead MoreAbnormal Psychology. Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior20707 Words   |  83 Pageshad no idea. Interviewer: You just knew you were . . . Jerry: I thought maybe I was having a heart attack. Interviewer: Okay. Source: Exerpted from â€Å"Panic Disorder: The Case of Jerry,† found on the Videos in Abnormal Psychology CD-ROM that accompanies this textbook. T⠝‘ F⠝‘ Some men in India have a psychological disorder characterized by anxiety over losing semen. (p. 74) T⠝‘ F⠝‘ Although it is not an exact science, the measurement of the bumps on a person’s head can be used to determine the person’sRead MoreStress as a Precursor of Health Problems of College Students2858 Words   |  12 Pagesencounter several health risks. Outline: I. Introduction A. Background B. Thesis Statement II. Health Problems of College Students Caused by Stress A. Insomnia 1. Causes 2. Effects B. Obesity 1. Causes 2. Effects C. Ulcers 1. Causes 2. Effects III. Preventive Measures for Stress-Induced Diseases A. For Insomnia B. For Weight Gain C. For Ulcers D. For Stress in General IV. Conclusion V. References I. Introduction

Flexible Budgets Free Essays

A flexible budget is a budget statement that shows what the expected costs should have been for any level of output, so that the actual costs can be compared to planned costs for the output that was actually generated. In a flexible budget, the costs are separated into variable and fixed costs. The more information that is provided to explain variances in budgeted and actual amounts, the easier it is for management to make successful decisions about costs and expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on Flexible Budgets or any similar topic only for you Order Now A flexible budget classifies budget requests by activity and estimates the benefits arising from each activity. It presents a statement of expectations for a period of time but does not present a firm commitment. It also presents the plan for only one level of activity and does not adjust to changes in the level of activity. However it presents the plan for a range of activity so that the plan can be adjusted for changes in activity levels. Flexible budgets are one way companies deal with different levels of activity. A flexible budget provides budgeted data for different levels of activity. Another way of thinking of a flexible budget is a number of static budgets. The information is used for planning and control purposes. The flexible budget responds to changes in activity, and performance evaluation. The flexible budget uses the same selling price and cost assumptions as the original budget. Variable and fixed costs do not change categories. The variable amounts are recalculated using the actual level of activity, which in the case of the income statement are sales units. Each flexible budget line will be discussed separately. In conclusion budgets are complicated and complex tools. Within a budget there are many specific budgets which have to be examined separately. Flexible budgets helps companies set up strategy to assist in predicting positive outcomes for the business. How to cite Flexible Budgets, Papers

Council of Barchester Operated Seven Car Parking System

Question: Discuss about the Council of Barchester Operated Seven Car Parking System. Answer: Introduction The City Council of Barchester operated seven car parking system. The council of Barchester has proposed for the development of a new car parking system with an enhanced facility of controlling the operations of parking. The system needs to provide the daily operational functionalities including handling payments, issuing tickets and controlling the barriers for entry and exit of the car after successful verifications. This particular assignment includes the in-depth analysis of the functionality; the resource required and provides a feasibility study of developing the car parking system in the centre of Barchester. Functionality Analysis The advanced car parking system of Barchester needs to control the entry, exit and payment for the customers. Every time any customer enters the parking area, the entry barrier detects the car and through the sensors located under the road surface and the LCD is flashed with the further operations. With the given specification of the customer, the entry barrier prints the ticket containing the data and time of the entry. The ticket is further checked and analysed during the exit of the car from the parking area. In addition to that, the system automatically calculated the fees of the parking based on the date and time of the ticket issued during entry. The operational system must check for the availability of spaces before issuing the tickets to the customers. The new system needs to check the availability and issue the ticket to the customer within no more than five seconds. In the case of the seasonal customer, the system verifies the card and record of the entry time are inputted in to the database within the same time limit of five seconds. The most common error in the system is the printing of the ticket. In many cases, the barcode in the ticket becomes unreadable and where the customer is sent to the office for manual verification and calculation of the fees. In addition to that, the system can check the availability of the spaces in the parking lot. The operation system automatically increases the number by one every time a new car enters the parking area. The payment for the parking is made efficiently with the identification of the invalid coins and notes inserted to make the payment. The LCD on the entry and exit barrier allows the customer to view the availability, fees and parking tie of the cars. The system further calculated the fee of the cars based on the entry time within the limit of two seconds. Therefore, the developed parking system can efficiently control the parking, fee calculation and availability checking of the parking lot in Barchester. Resources Required For the development of the enhanced car paring system in the Barchester, the requirement of the system is human resource, hardware resource and software resource. The financial recourse for developing and maintained of the system is outside the scope of the project. Human Resource: For the development of the system, Software developers, hardware implementers, security managers, testers, employees are needed (Suhr, Jung, 2014, p-26). The software developers of the system will be developing the functionality of the car parking system including the verification, checking of the space availability and issuing the tickets to the users. The tester will check and examine the functionality and efficient working of the developed system (Geng, Cassandras, 2013, p-1134). Moreover, the security managers present in the parking lot will assist the customers with any problems and issues with the system including problems in fee calculation and payments. Hardware Requirement: For the implementation of the required car parking system, sensors, ticket printing system, cameras for recording security footage, LCD displays for showing the process and fee of the customer are required. In addition to that, the system requires a database for storing the information and data for the users including their entry and exit time in the parking area for at least one year (Nawaz, Efstratiou, Mascolo, 2013, p-77). The back end office of the system will require computers having access to the database and real time information about the parking area. Software Requirements: The new car parking system requires developing an application for sensing the car approaching that will display the availability of space in the parking area. The operating system developed will be compatible with Windows that support the TCP/IP protocol for communication and sharing of information (Byun et al., 2013, p-72). The communication interface between the different entry barriers will be facilitated through Ethernet network. The database of the system should be able to handle large volume of data for maintenance and security reasons. In addition to that, the software needs to be efficiently calculating the fees for the intended customer. Feasibility Study The feasibility study of the system reveals the strength and weakness of the proposed car parking system. Purpose The purpose of the new car parking system is to provide its customer automatic car parking facility with an efficient calculation of the time and fees required for a particulate parking. The system also aims at providing daily operations efficiently, for example, issuing tickets, validating the seasonal customers with the card. Scope The car parking system is an application system developed for efficient issuing of tickets and management of the car parking facility in Barchester. The scope of the developed system is to issue the tickets and check the availability of the parking space efficiently within a time limit of maximum five seconds. The developed system will provide a real-time and easy solution to manage congestion and high traffic in the parking area. The system will further update the database whenever a car enters and leaves the parking area. The cost required for maintenance, equipment, staffing, security and managing operations are within the scope of the project. Methodology Followed For developing the car parking system, the SDLC model will be followed. The software development life cycle is followed in the development of the information system (Caniels, Bakens, 2012, p-166). The following phase will be followed in the development of the car parking system- Planning: In the planning phase, the feasibility study and requirements of the system are identified. Analysis: The analyses of the risks factor in the developed car parking system are identified in this phase (Joslin, Muller, 2015, p-1377). Design: The implementation of the car parking system including the database is storing, issuing the parking tickets are developed in this phase. Implementation: The system is developed in the parking area including the implementation of the hardware and software. Maintenance: In this phase, the system is marinated for any risks and problems. Risks Involved in the Project Various risks are involved with the development of the car parking system. Risk Factor Description of the Risk Unrealistic Budget and Schedule The project will fall out of a budget if the budget does not meet the requirement of the system. The wrong scheduling will result in the delay of the system thus causing the project to fail (Spundak, 2014, p-119). Insufficient Resource The unavailability of both human and non-human resource will lead to the inefficiency in the functionality of the system. Unclear functional requirements If the requirements of the system are not clear, that will lead to the inefficacy in the product output thus causing the developed system to fail (Kerzner, 2013, p-776). Conclusion The development of the car parking system will provide the City Council of Barchester to efficiently operate the seven car parking system. The proposed system will provide efficiency in the issuing ticket, maintain the parking area, and effectively calculate the fees required for each parking customer. The development process will involve in the identification and management of the risks involved in the system for car parking. Therefore, the development of the proposed system will prove to be profitable for managing high traffic in car parking area. References Byun, J., Hong, I., Lee, B., Park, S. (2013). Intelligent household LED lighting system considering energy efficiency and user satisfaction. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 59(1), 70-76. Canils, M. C., Bakens, R. J. (2012). The effects of Project Management Information Systems on decision making in a multi project environment. International Journal of Project Management, 30(2), 162-175. Geng, Y., Cassandras, C. G. (2013). New Smart Parking system based on resource allocation and reservations. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 14(3), 1129-1139. Joslin, R., Mller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 33(6), 1377-1392. Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Nawaz, S., Efstratiou, C., Mascolo, C. (2013, September). Parksense: A smartphone based sensing system for on-street parking. In Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Mobile computing networking (pp. 75-86). ACM. Spundak, M. (2014). Mixed agile/traditional project management methodologyreality or illusion?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, 939-948. Suhr, J. K., Jung, H. G. (2014). Sensor fusion-based vacant parking slot detection and tracking. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 15(1), 21-36.